Thursday, 6 September 2012

WEEK 4: THE ROLES OF SUPPORTING STATEMENT - PART 2

In this week I have learned about assumptions which is consist of two which is value assumption and reality assumptions. But in this chapter the lecturer give more concern about value assumption. What makes value assumption and reality assumption different is:

  • Value Assumptions: People's beliefs about what is good and bad, right or wrong, what should or should not be accepted.
  • Reality Assumptions: People's belief about what is true or false.

Some fictional character might influence you and reveal your own value. For me I admire Robbert Pattinson, Twilight series which holding the character of Edward Cullen


He have a lot of value that I admire most.
  • Responsible
  • Protective
  • Faithful lover
  • Self control
  • Loyalty
  • Exciting life
  • Independent

WEEK 3: THE ROLES OF SUPPORTING STATEMENT - PART 1

How to make people more assured with our premise?

D.S.A.E.R.A

Definitions: 
              Statement that explains or stimulates how to use a word or phrases.

Types of definition
  • Lexical definition: words or phrases are defined generally in language
  • Precising definition: the arguer attempts to further describe "vague" words or phrases by adding            examples or illustrations
  • Stipulative definition: arguer creates anew or vague word or phrase to describe a concept or uses an existing word or phrase in a new way.
  •  Persuasive definition: arguer creates a definition in an effort to persuade the listener to agree with his or her point of view often using an emotional appeal or slanted term.
Supporting Argument:
 Supporting argument is one which has as its conclusion the same statement as the premise being supported but such statements are often not stated.

Assumption:
All support for premises can be traced back to a set of beliefs which the person making the argument considers to be self - evident and therefore not in need of further support or analysis.

Evidence:
The relative strength of evidence is determined by how reliable a person believes it to be. Premises can be supported by evidence such as statistical studies, historical information, physical evidence, observation, experiments and eye witness.

Reference to authority:
Rely on the judgements of others authorities whom we believe to be more likely to come to an accurate evaluation of the evidence than we are ourselves.

In order for someone to be acknowledged as an authority, the person must pose the following criteria:
—Knowledge:    
   Personal experience, Demonstrated Performance
—Qualification:    
   University degrees, Peer recognition, Awards & Honours, Professional membership

Anecdote:
Short story can help readers or listeners to appreciate the premise 


anybody can think, but can u think critically? making premises based on DSAERA?

WEEK 2: THE BASIC STRUCTURE OF ARGUMENT

What is argument?

Well argument is not an argue but it is claim secured with explanation that is collected by a set of statement with one or more statement known as premises that supports another statement which is conclusion. It is a series of statement that have intention to persuade someone on something.

Meanwhile, in CT argument means an act of presenting reason to support individuals position or point of view. On the other hand, Bassham's definition of argument is claim that is defended with reasons that is called conclusion and intended to be supported by the others called premises. 

What is non argument?

Non argument is a description, explanation, summaries or command that have no intention to persuade us about something.

Premises / Proposition

Premises or proposition is a statement that must be present for the collection of statement to be an argument. It is also a statement that is directly supports the conclusion.

  • Raw Material (arguments + extraneous material): mix of messages that we are receiving from others
  • Reconstruction: the process of finding the arguments and then dissecting the arguments into their various parts *looks for indicator words*
  • Example:

Implicit Argument:

Implicit argument is divide by two which is:
  1. Implicit Conclusion: when the conclusion is not stated outright and the arguer assume that you will  know it.
  2. Implicit Premises: when the premises is not stated outright and the arguer assume that you will know it.
Example:



Mcdonalds assume that everyone knows what the meaning of "im lovin it"





WEEK 1: INTRODUCTION TO CRITICAL THINKING






From what I have learned on this lecture for my first week taking this course, i get to know all of the points below about the introduction on critical thinking.


Thinking:  purposeful, organized and cognitive process to make the world more sense. 


Types of thinking:
  • Critical thinking: analysing, evaluating and reasoning which will lead to problem solving and decision.
  • Creative thinking: generate new ideas that would lead to decision making.
Below is the vendiagram between critical thinking and creative thinking:



Critical thinking standart:
  • Clarity               
  • Accuracy
  • Precision
  • Relevance
  • Depth
  • Breath
  • Logic
  • Fairness
Benefits of critical thinking:
  • Improved concentration & surveillance                                                                                                              
  • Skill to react to the proper points in message                                                          
  • Gain information on how to obtain your own points across move easily
  • Focused reading  
Barriers to critical thinking:
  • Mistaking information for understanding                                                                                
  • Unwillingness to critique experts 
  • Affective reason