Thursday, 6 September 2012

WEEK 7: ANALOGICAL AND CAUSAL ARGUMENT




Anology:
Prepared to draw out some similarities among TWO possessions.

Anological Arguments
Using “analogies” to verify something or to support an argument. It is also a type of inductive argument, one premise of which points out a similarity among two kinds of things.


Casual Relationship & Casual Arguments

Causal link
Imperfect reasoning to assume that because two things are created together, or take place at the same time, there must have be a causal link.

Overlooking a common cause
Example:  If I get a cough, sooner enough I shall get a fever. But what does the cough got to do fever?

Tracing the backwards (Reverse cause/effect)
Example: If we watching TV too closely, soon we will get bad sight disease.



Looking too hard for a cause
Example: Im wearing my favorite jersey today and my team definitely will win tonight!

Correlation
Two things or events are clearly linked, where you will find X, you will find Y. 

Example: As the temperature increases, the number of ice cream sold increases.




Fallacies:

Causal

Post Hoc Fallacy: without evidence event A occurred before event B
Slippery slope: we cannot allow A , because A will lead to B, and B will lead C, you don’t want to have C

Generalization

Hasty generalization:  I was passed by a woman driving recklessly, which means all women are driving recklessly.


Sweeping generalization:  My girlfriend treats her parents well; she must be a bighearted person too.
False dilemma: The arguer claims there are only two relevant choices, but in fact, there are more than 2.
False analogy: When the arguer contrast two things that are not really comparable *didn’t make any sense*

No comments:

Post a Comment